Prevalence of Glaucoma in Cataract Patients - a Comparison between Pre-Covid and Post-Covid Periods

Objectives: Globally, cataract and glaucoma are the predominant causes of blindness. Screening glaucoma in patients referred for cataract surgery is a convenient tool for detecting glaucoma cases in rural population. The COVID period has adversely affected eye care as the routine screening and follow-ups at hospital were substantially reduced owing to pandemic restrictions. We aim to study the impact of COVID on detection of glaucoma in patients with cataract. Method(s): It was a retrospective study conducted to compare the prevalence of glaucoma in rural patients presenting with cataract pre- and post-COVID. Details of 975 consecutive patients each were taken prior to March 2020 (pre-COVID) and after October 2021 (post-COVID) from hospital database and patient case files. Result(s): The prevalence of glaucoma was higher during the pre-COVID time (3.8%) as compared to pre-COVID (3.8%), but the result was not statistically significant. In both the groups, primary open-angle glaucoma was the pre-dominant form of glaucoma, with prevalence being 1.5% and 2.2% in the pre-COVID and post-COVID groups, respectively. The mean intraocular pressure and mean VCDR values were higher in the post-COVID group as compared to the pre-COVID group, and the result was statistically significant. Conclusion(s): This was the first study to compare the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with cataract in rural population in the pre-COVID and post-COVID periods. In the aftermath of the pandemic, the present study emphasizes the role of screening and follow-ups in glaucoma management to prevent irreversible loss of vision.Copyright © 2023 The Authors.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Developed Following Covid-19 Vaccine

A 40-year-old male patient, an office worker, is a hospital staff. He applied with the complaint of sudden onset of blurred vision in the right eye. He stated that he had the first dose of inactivated covid vaccine (sinovac) 4 days ago in his story. In his examination, his vision was 0.5 in the right eye, 1.0 in the left eye, and his intraocular pressure was in both eyes. It was at the level of 15 mmHg. Biomicroscopically, the anterior segment looked natural. CSC was diagnosed in the FFA and OCT examinations.Treatment with oral acetazolamide (2x250 mg), topical nepafanac (4x1) was started. On the 13th day of the treatment, there was insufficient improvement in clinical findings, and oral acetazolamide was used. The dose was reduced (2x125 mg), oral epleronone (50 mg) was added. On the 70th day of the treatment, the vision in the right eye increased to full level in the control examination and it was observed that the retina returned to its normal appearance in the OCT examination.Copyright © 2023 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved.

Cross-sectional study to describe the severity, bio-chemical associations, and final outcomes of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a tertiary hospital of East India.

Purpose: The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered a mucormycosis epidemic in India. Diabetes mellitus and dysregulated immune response were contributors, and rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was the most common presentation. It is however not known whether bio-chemical parameters at presentation correlate with stage of ROCM or final outcome in terms of vision or mortality. Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based study included all in-patients of mucormycosis with ophthalmic manifestations at presentation admitted during June 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021. It aimed to evaluate the association between severity of infection, serum levels of HbA1c, ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels at presentation and outcome. Results: There were altogether 47 eligible cases having a mean age of 48.8 ± 10.9 years with a male:female ratio of 2.6:1; forty-two (89.4%) had pre-existing diabetes, and five (10.6%) had steroid-induced hyperglycemia. The mean HbA1c among diabetics was 9.7 ± 2.1. HbA1c and serum CRP showed an increase over subsequent stages, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). IL-6 values for all stages were similar (P = 0.97). Only serum ferritin levels showed a statistically significant increase over stages (P = 0.04). IL-6 was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in patients who survived, whereas CRP levels were significantly lower in patients who had final visual acuity (VA) better than only perception of light (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a significant association of ROCM. Serum ferritin levels at presentation best correlate with extent of the disease. CRP levels are best to prognosticate cases that will have sufficient VA to carry on activities of daily living, whereas IL-6 levels are best associated with survival.

COVID-19-related acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: risk factors associated with mortality

Background: Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is a rare aggressive life-threatening infection that affects immunocompromised individuals. Recently, an increase in the incidence of this infection has been reported in patients who have SARS-CoV-2 infection or recently recovered. This study was to assess the outcome and define risk factors that might affect the outcome in SARS-CoV-2-related AIFRS. A prospective observational study included 54 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related AIFRS. Controlling the predisposing factors, systemic antifungal, and early surgical debridement was performed. The mortality rate was calculated. Age, sex, underlying risk factors, the extent of the disease, debridement technique, and other biochemical variables were evaluated regarding their impact on survival. Patients were followed up for 3 months. Result(s): Fifty-four patients with a mean age of 48.1 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity affecting 52 patients (96.3%). Intracranial and intraorbital extension had a predictive value for mortality (P value 0.050 and 0.049 respectively). However, only intracranial extension was the independent predictor of mortality. Biochemical variables were higher than the normal range, but only serum ferritin level above 165 ng/ml was an independent predictor of mortality in patients with AIFR. The mortality rate was 38.9%. Conclusion(s): The extent of the disease has a major impact on survival, so early diagnosis of AIFRS within patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or recently recovered is essential to reduce mortality.Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).

Combined therapy of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation and ocular occlusion improves visual function in adults with amblyopia, a randomized pilot study.

Background: Amblyopia is the interocular visual acuity difference of two lines or more with the best correction in both eyes. It is treated with ocular occlusion therapy, but its success depends on neuroplasticity, and thus is effective in children but not adults. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is suggested to increase neuroplasticity. Objective: To determine if combined intervention of bilateral tDCS and ocular occlusion improves visual function in adults with amblyopia. Methods: A double-blind randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted in 10 volunteers with amblyopia. While applying ocular occlusion and performing a reading task, participants received bilateral tDCS (n = 5) or sham stimulation (n = 5), with the anodal tDCS electrode in the contralateral visual cortex and the cathodal in the ipsilateral visual cortex in relation to the amblyopic eye. Visual function (through visual acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity tests) and visual evoked potential (with checkerboard pattern stimuli presentation) were evaluated immediately after. Results: A total of 30 min after treatment with bilateral tDCS, visual acuity improved by 0.16 (± 0.025) LogMAR in the treatment group compared with no improvement (-0.02 ± 0.02) in five controls (p = 0.0079), along with a significant increase in the amplitude of visual evoked potentials of the amblyopic eye response (p = 0.0286). No significant changes were observed in stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. No volunteer reported any harm derived from the intervention. Conclusion: Our study is the first to combine anodal and cathodal tDCS for the treatment of amblyopia, showing transient improved visual acuity in amblyopic adults.

The short-term influences of paediatric smartphone use on the eye

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effect of smartphone use on the eye. Twenty-two children, aged 8-16 years, participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire about smartphone usage time, outdoor activities, and sleep time to obtain dry eye was applied to the child and parents. An ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), blink time, autorefractometer, optical biometry, accommodation, contrast sensitivity, and optical coherence tomography tests were applied before a 5-min video watching, and during the video session we counted the complete -incomplete blinks. After video watching, we did the tests. After the tests, we again applied a 5-min video watching and after the video we tested all the parameters again, and finally, following a 5-min resting period, we tested the parameters again. We found no difference between the groups in terms of OSDI scores. Children with punctate epithelial erosions and time spent on the phone have a statistical relation. TBUT also differs statistically before and after test periods (p = .014), since complete blinks did not differ but incomplete blinks differed before and after video watching. The nearpoint of convergence also differs after video watching (p = .008) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) decreases even after the short-time video watching period. On the contrary, we did not find any effect of short-time smartphone watching on auto-keratometer values and retinal-choroidal thickness. This is the first comprehensive study on the short-term effects of smartphone on the paediatric age group. Even 10 min of smartphone can have an effect on TBUT, incomplete blinks, nearpoint of convergence break-recovery, and ACD. During this coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we must be mindful of the time our children spend on the phone and keep in mind that even 10 min can have ocular effects.

Web-based pediatric visual acuity testing at home

Introduction: Pediatric eye care access, particularly in rural areas, has been an ongoing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a growing appreciation and acceptance of a role for telemedicine in pediatric eye care. However, many at-home visual acuity (VA) charts and apps have poor test design or inaccurate optotype sizes, and may passively provide misinformation for clinical decision making.1-3 We evaluated the new M&S EyeSimplify At-Home Visual Acuity Tests, which include web-based versions of the ATS-HOTV and E-ETDRS tests commonly used in clinical trials. Method(s): Children with and without VA deficits were enrolled. In-office VA was tested with the M&S Smart System ATS-HOTV (ages 3-6;N = 34;68 eyes) or E-ETDRS (ages 7-12;N = 31;62 eyes) protocol. The child was registered on the EyeSimplify web-based portal and the parent was emailed a link to the at-home VA test. The portal notified us when at-home testing was completed and provided us on-line access to VA results. Equivalence of the two test settings was evaluated by mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) using Bland-Altmann analysis. Result(s): The mean difference between in-office and at-home was small for both ATS-HOTV (0.01 + 0.08 logMAR) and E-ETDRS 0.04 + 0.08 logMAR;95% LOA = -0.15 to 0.17 and -0.11 to 0.19, respectively, comparable to test-retest agreement in an office setting. Conclusion/Relevance: The M&S EyeSimplify At-Home Visual Acuity Tests provided VA equivalent to in-office testing. If the burden of travel is significant, at-home testing may provide the information needed to continue care via telemedicine consultation when it might otherwise be discontinued or delayed.Copyright © 2022

Bilateral longitudinally extensive optic perineuritis post-COVID-19 presenting as "idiopathic" intracranial hypertension: A case report

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) has been associated with several neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. We report a case of bilateral longitudinally extensive optic perineuritis suspected due to SARSCoV2. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old woman developed headaches, photophobia, pulsatile tinnitus, and blurred vision 8 d after having a positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). She was diagnosed with and treated for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) elsewhere. Repeat evaluation at our institution showed a poor visual acuity in both eyes with Frisen grade II papilledema and cotton wool spots on fundoscopic examination. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral longitudinally extensive optic nerve sheath enhancement. Repeat lumbar puncture revealed an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and protein, a finding that is incompatible with the diagnosis of IIH. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG antibodies, and other serological tests for optic neuritis were unremarkable. Her visual acuity partially improved after corticosteroids. With the growing association of demyelinating disorders and COVID-19, unremarkable serological workup, and temporal relation of the patient's symptoms to the infection, we believe that her diagnosis is SARS-CoV-2 associated bilateral optic neuritis. Conclusion(s): There is a growing association between demyelinating disorders and COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, and it is essential to recognize CSF abnormalities that are incompatible with a diagnosis of IIH, such as increased protein in our case, and may lead to an incorrect diagnosis.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society for Neuroimmunology.

Late PAMM-Like Lesions in a Patient with HIV Retinopathy

This report describes a case of a newly diagnosed 49-year-old HIV patient, who presented with decreased visual acuity and retinal lesions characterized by ischemia at the level of the deep retinal capillary plexus, documented with optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography, and visual fields testing. These lesions closely resembled the morphologic and clinical characteristics of late paracentral acute middle maculopathy. The presence of these lesions suggests that HIV microangiopathy can potentially affect both superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses.

Optic neuropathy after COVID-19 vaccination: Case report and systematic review

Purpose:: To report a case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) following COVID-19 vaccination and provide a systematic review of all published cases of optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Method(s):: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE for cases of optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Terms used in the search included "COVID-19 vaccination", "optic neuropathy", "optic neuritis", and "ischemic optic neuropathy". Titles and s were initially screened then full texts of eligible studies were reviewed for data extraction. Only cases published in the English language, peer reviewed, and that included details on optic nerve involvement were included. All study types were eligible for inclusion. Result(s):: Including our patient, a total of 10 patients (8 females) were identified as developing optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Five patients (50.0%) were diagnosed with AION, while 4 (40.0%) were diagnosed with optic neuritis. One patient was diagnosed with papillitis and neuroretinitis. Three patients (30.0%) had bilateral involvement. Mean age of patients was 48.5+/-19.7 years. Mean time from vaccination to onset of ophthalmic symptoms was 6.5+/-6.4 days. Median (IQR) presenting visual acuity was logMAR 0.3 (0-1). For the 8 eyes which had both presenting and final follow-up visual acuity, median (IQR) presenting vision was logMAR 0.2 (0-0.7) and at final follow-up was logMAR 0 (0-0.05) (P=0.184). Conclusion(s):: COVID-19 vaccination may result in optic neuropathy in the form of optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence, management, and prognosis of optic neuropathies associated with COVID-19 vaccination.Copyright © 2022

Diagnostic Accuracy of Online Visual Acuity Testing of Paediatric Patients.

Background/Objectives: Remote assessment of children's visual acuity became necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the extent of agreement between hospital-based clinical testing and clinician-led home-based testing. Subjects/Methods: 50 children aged 2-16 (median 8) years attending hospital eye services at two UK hospitals had routine hospital-based acuities compared with subsequent online, orthoptist-supervised home visual acuities. Agreement was assessed using intra-class correlation and Bland-Altman plots, as was test-retest (TRT) agreement of two, repeated home acuity tests. Results: Monocular acuities tested at hospital and at home were obtained from all 50 children; 33 also had binocular acuities in both settings and 35 had acuities retested immediately at home. Most children were tested at home using a computer or tablet; two were tested with a smartphone. No mean test differences were found for hospital vs home testing (-0.004 (95% CI -0.06-0.05) and -0.008 (95% CI -0.04-0.03) for binocular and monocular testing, respectively). Limits of agreement (LOAs) were ±0.32 and ±0.35 logMAR for binocular and monocular testing, respectively. LOAs for inter-ocular acuity differences (hospital vs home) were -0.15-0.25 logMAR. TRT monocular acuity agreement was excellent, with an LOA of ±0.14 logMAR. Conclusions: We found good (binocular) and excellent (monocular) agreement between hospital and home acuity testing. LOAs were in keeping with multiple changes between measures (test; setting; time; tester) and a cohort including patients as young as two years old. Even smartphone testing proved feasible. Inability of the supervising orthoptist to check test distance or device calibration/orientation was a limitation, likely contributing to the breadth of LOAs. Home vision testing is feasible and accurate, but its precision, acceptability, health economic impact and carbon impact require more attention.

Accuracy of Mobile-Based Vision Chart in Clinical Practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: The accuracy of mobile-based visual acuity testing in clinical practice is debatable. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of mobile-based distant vision chart in comparison to the standard chart projector. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, monocular distant best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in 571 eyes of 288 subjects was measured twice, using the Tumbling E vision chart by standard chart projector and repeated using mobile-based vision chart application with screen mirroring on a 22-inch monitor. The decimal results of BCVA were compared to analyze the accuracy of the mobile-based chart in comparison to the standard vision chart projector. RESULTS: The mean age of the studied patients was 29 ± 14 years. The most frequent refractive error was hyperopia (35.4%), followed by emmetropia (26.7%), myopia (22.9%), and astigmatism (14.9%). The mean BCVA in decimal form was 0.9 ± 0.2 and 0.91 ± 0.26 by the standard and mobile-based charts, respectively. An excellent agreement was reported between both tests as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.976, with a confidence interval (CI) of 0.965-0.982. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that most visual acuity differences between both methods lie on the equality line or within the allowed difference zone. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile-based vision chart is an economical, accessible, and accurate way for distant vision assessment, and its results are comparable to the standard chart projector in clinical practice.

Ocular trauma, visual acuity related to time of referral and psychosocial determinants, during COVID‑19 pandemic: A prospective study

The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between visual outcomes of ocular injury patients in a tertiary hospital unit with clinical and demographic variables and to evaluate the psychosocial impact of the injury on the patients. An 18-month prospective study of 30 eye-injured adult patients was conducted in the General University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, a tertiary referral hospital. All severe eye injury case information was prospectively collected between February 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was labelled not poor (>0.5/10 or >20/400 on the Snellen scale, <1.3 in LogMAR scale) and poor (≤0.5/10 or ≤20/400 on the Snellen scale, ≥1.3 on the LogMAR equivalent). Data regarding participants' perceived stress levels, by using Perceived Stress Scale 14 (PSS-14), were collected prospectively, one year after study end. Out of 30 ocular injury patients selected, 76.7% were men and most of them were self-employed and private or public sector workers (36.7%). Not poor final BCVA was related to not poor initial BCVA [odds ratio (OR) 1.714;P=0.006]. No statistical associations were found between visual outcome and demographic or clinical factors, but not poor final BCVA was associated with improved self-reported psychological condition of the sufferers, as examined by a questionnaire sheet developed to collect information for study purpose (8.36/10 vs. 6.40/10;P=0.011). No patient reported job loss or changed work status following the injury. Not poor initial BCVA was a significant predictor for not poor final visual outcomes (OR 1.714;P=0.006). Patients with not poor final BCVA expressed higher levels of positive psychology (8.36/10 vs. 6.40/10;P=0.011) and less fear of eye injury repetition (64.0 vs. 100.0%;P=0.286). Not poor final BCVA was associated with low PSS-14 scores one year after study end (77.3 vs. 0.0%, P=0.003). Collaboration between ophthalmologists, mental health professionals and primary care team may be important in order to help patients to cope with the psychosocial burden sequel to eye trauma. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine is the property of Spandidos Publications UK Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A Review Study on Associated Factors Ofmyopia Amongschool Goingchildren

Myopia is a prevalent yet confusingocular disorder. Myopia,formerlyconsidered abenignrefractivecondition, is nowassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdevelopingseveraloculardisorders,evenatmodestlevels.Myopiaisaglobalproblemthatexpe rts have documented. Despite the fact that the specific cause of myopia remains a mystery, it appears to be a combinationof genetic and environmental factors, making the prevention and treatment of the condition difficult and highly personalised.Myopia can have a positive impact on both the quality of life and the health of the eyes if it is prevented. Progressive additionlenses (PAL), topical atropine, ortho-k (orthokeratology) lenses and multifocal contact lenses are some of the most commoncontrol options currently available. Myopia has gained prominence in optometry studies as a result of its high prevalence. It ismore common for children to suffer from problems, such as extreme myopia and myopic macular degeneration, if they begindevelopingmyopiaatanearlyage.Thepurposeofthisstudywillbetoconductaninquiryintotheepidemiologyandriskfactorsfor myopiainschool-agedchildren(aged 6-19years)aroundtheworld.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

A Comprehensive Review on the Medicinal Benefits of Honey with an Emphasis on Unani Medicine

Background: Honey has been used medicinally in folk medicine since the dawn of civili-zation. It is a necessary component of medicine and food in a wide variety of cultures. It has been used in Unani Medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments. Objective(s): This review article aims to explore the medicinal characteristics of honey in view of Unani and modern concepts, highlight its potential in the treatment of the ailments stated in Unani medical literature, and also explore the relevant evidence-based phytochemistry, pharmacological, and clinical data. Method(s): The authors searched classical texts exhaustively for information on the temperament (Mizaj), pharmacological activities, mechanism of action, and therapeutic benefits of honey. Addition-ally, a comprehensive search of internet databases was conducted to compile all available information on the physicochemical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of this compound. Result(s): Evidence suggests that honey contains about 180 different types of various compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, flavonoids, and other chemical substances. In Unani classical literature, it exerts important pharmacological actions besides its immense nutritional signifi-cance. Unani physicians advocated many tested/experimented prescriptions and formulations, which still have their relevance in the amelioration of various diseases. Conclusion(s): This analysis concludes that honey has been successfully utilized in Unani medicine for centuries to treat a variety of maladies and is a potential natural source of remedy for a variety of medical disorders. Future research on honey should include a combination of Unani and modern principles.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Examination of the ocular inflammatory effects after COVID-19-vaccine

Background: Recent researches indicated that the ophthalmologic negative impacts of COVID-19 disease and COVID-19 vaccination are highly overlapping. Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the inflammatory side effects after COVID-19 vaccination. Patients and Methods: A total of (60) cases who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine were included to report ocular side effects appeared within14 days of receiving the second dose. Result(s): Uveitis was recorded in (60%) of the study population after COVID-19 vaccinations, while the other inflammatory side effects were distributed as follows;scleritis (15%), VKH (10%), other effects (8.4%) and neuroretinopathy(6.6%). The majority (71.67%) of the study population was treated by corticosteroids. Visual acuity lowered <= 3 lines in (25%) of other inflammatory conditions;VA lowered > 3 lines in (25%) of other inflammatory conditions and (5.56%) of uveitis. Conclusion(s): Following COVID-19 vaccination, ophthalmologic inflammatory events are possible.Copyright © 2021 Muslim OT et al.

Visual Fatigue and Technostress in AgroIndustries Standards: Case Study

Introduction: The test applied to the students of the Agroindustry career of the National University of Chimborazo presents previous visual diseases in: 33.3 % myopia, 5.1 % astigmatism, 0.5 % presbyopia, referring to the use of the computer we have: 54.9 % of 2 to 4 hours, 39 % of 4 to 8 hours and 6.2 % more than 8 hours which can cause visual fatigue. This research aims to determine the level of visual computer syndrome when applying the CVSS 17 test and technostress by applying the NTP 730 test. The reliability of the instruments is 0. 693 good and 0.959 mu and good, and the reliability of 0.916 and 0.931 which is very good respectively. The result of visual fatigue is 29.2% symptomatic and 70.8% asymptomatic. Regarding technostress, 55.4% is low, 35.9% is medium, and 8.7% is high. The conclusions are determined: the existence of visual fatigue determines the presence of ocular and visual symptoms which will cause short-term affections to the organ of sight and referring to technostress there is resistance to the use of technology. The presence of visual fatigue is associated with the tele study due to the high frequency of computer use and other environmental factors, theCovid 19 pandemic is one of the factors that has contributed to the phenomenon under study, so it is necessary to implement preventive measures.Copyright © 2023, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine: Hurdles and Visions

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca for a disease we all know as Coronavirus, or COVID-19. Ongoing clinical studies reveal that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has a tolerable safety profile and is effective against symptomatic COVID-19. This vaccine may prove crucial in boosting herd immunity, averting life threatening illness, and relieving the current pandemic. In this mini review, we performed a thorough literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar and reported various case reports associated with complications of the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Various adverse effects of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were reported around the globe, which were often serious but rare and developed into life-threatening pathologies such as GBS, thrombocytopenia, demyelinating neuropathies, progressive dementia, cerebral infarction, IgA vasculitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, herpes zoster, cutaneous reactions, and vein thrombosis. These worldwide reported complications, which are usually rare and severe, will aid clinicians in understanding and managing unforeseen situations. There is a need for more research to find out more about these complications and their etiopathogenesis. However, the benefits of these vaccinations for stopping the spread of the outbreak and lowering the fatality rate outweigh the potential risk of the uncommon complications.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.